Composite Role Rating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Composite Role Rating - Essay Example Measurement tools viz., rating forms, observational checklists or questionnaires are used to obtain measures (numbers) that are valid and reliable (Arreola, 2007). In the hypothetical Impact Matrix (Appendix A) that I have prepared, I have used typical activities that university teachers engage in namely, Teaching, Scholarly Activity, and Service as the 3 major roles to evaluate faculty performance. Under ‘Teaching’, the role components identified are ‘instructional delivery’, ‘instructional design’, ‘content expertise’ and ‘course management.’ In my impact matrix, students, being the target entity, will be the sole judge for instructional delivery skills. This component is best evaluated through the following list of desirable attributes of faculty teaching performance whereby â€Å"the instructor creates an intellectually stimulating environment by : demonstrating interest and enthusiasm in the student learning proce ss; demonstrating effective communication skills: writing, speaking and listening; eliciting responsible student participation; †¦being available to students outside of class time to discuss course materials; †¦and returning student work in a timely manner† (Clarke University Faculty Evaluation Manual, 2008, pp 4-5). These are qualities in a teacher that are especially needed for effective guidance of students in their academic course work; therefore, I have assigned 35% as the source impact. With an arbitrary source rating of 4, the weighted rating works out to 1.4 (as shown in Appendix A). The ratings are based on a 5-point performance scale which is: 1 (Unacceptable); 2 (Satisfactory); 3 (Good); 4 (Very Good); and 5 (Excellent). For the instructional design component, students (source impact weight, 10%); peers (15%); self (10%) all contribute the data. The weighted rating from all these sources adds up to an arbitrary value of

Post high school plan Essay Example for Free

Post high school plan Essay Youve just arrived at your office, which you share with a colleague, and it looks as if its going to be another frustrating day. Your side of the office is neat as a pin and incredibly well organized. You always arrive at work on time and you take care not to talk loudly when youre on the phone, so that you dont disturb your office mate.  Your colleague, however, is the exact opposite. Empty cups and stacks of dusty files litter his side of the office. He often rushes into the office late, and he sometimes puts the radio on while hes working, which breaks your concentration. You love your work, but dread coming into the office every day, simply because you dont like sharing your space with your colleague. He drives you crazy, and you often argue. If you thought about it, youd quickly recognize that theres conflict between you because the two of you have completely different working styles. Once youd realized this, youd have a starting point for thinking about how you could work together more effectively. All of us experience conflict like this at work. Conflict can be useful, since it can push conflicting parties to grow and communicate, and it can improve conflicting ideas. However, this can only happen if we understand why the conflict is there in the first place. Once weve identified the root of the problem, we can take the right steps to resolve it. In this article, well look at eight common causes of conflict in the workplace, and well explore how you can use them to manage conflict more effectively. About the Eight Causes According to psychologists Art Bell and Brett Hart, there are eight common causes of conflict in the workplace. Bell and Hart identified these common causes in separate articles on workplace conflict in 2000 and 2002. The eight causes are: 1.Conflicting resources. 2.Conflicting styles. 3.Conflicting perceptions. 4.Conflicting goals. 5.Conflicting pressures. 6.Conflicting roles. 7.Different personal values. 8.Unpredictable policies. You can use this classification to identify possible causes of conflict. Once youve identified these, you can take steps to prevent conflict happening in the first place, or you can tailor your conflict resolution strategy to fit the situation. How to Use the Tool Lets take a closer look at each of the eight causes of workplace conflict, and discuss what you can do to avoid and resolve each type. 1. Conflicting Resources We all need access to certain resources – whether these are office supplies, help from colleagues, or even a meeting room – to do our jobs well. When more than one person or group needs access to a particular resource, conflict can occur. If you or your people are in conflict over resources, use techniques such as Win-Win Negotiation or the Influence Model to reach a shared agreement. You can also help team members overcome this cause of conflict by making sure that they have everything they need to do their jobs well. Teach them how to prioritize their time and resources, as well as how to negotiate with one another to prevent this type of conflict. If people start battling for a resource, sit both parties down to discuss  openly why their needs are at odds. An open discussion about the problem can help each party see the others perspective and become more empathic about their needs. 2. Conflicting Styles Everyone works differently, according to his or her individual needs and personality. For instance, some people love the thrill of getting things done at the last minute, while others need the structure of strict deadlines to perform. However, when working styles clash, conflict can often occur. To prevent and manage this type of conflict in your team, consider peoples working styles and natural group roles when you build your team. You can also encourage people to take a personality test, such as the Myers-Briggs Personality Test . This can help them become more accepting of other peoples styles of working, and be more flexible as a result. 3. Conflicting Perceptions All of us see the world through our own lens, and differences in perceptions of events can cause conflict, particularly where one person knows something that the other person doesnt know, but doesnt realize this. If your team members regularly engage in turf wars or gossip, you might have a problem with conflicting perceptions. Additionally, negative performance reviews or customer complaints can also result from this type of conflict. Make an effort to eliminate this conflict by communicating openly with your team, even when you have to share bad news. The more information you share with your people, the less likely it is that they will come up with their own interpretations of events. Different perceptions are also a common cause of office politics. For instance, if you assign a project to one person that normally would be  someone elses responsibility, you may unwittingly ignite a power struggle between the two. Learn how to navigate office politics , and coach your team to do the same. 4. Conflicting Goals Sometimes we have conflicting goals in our work. For instance, one of our managers might tell us that speed is most important goal with customers. Another manager might say that in-depth, high-quality service is the top priority. Its sometimes quite difficult to reconcile the two! Whenever you set goals for your team members, make sure that those goals dont conflict with other goals set for that person, or set for other people. And if your own goals are unclear or conflicting, speak with your boss and negotiate goals that work for everyone. 5. Conflicting Pressures We often have to depend on our colleagues to get our work done. However, what happens when you need a report from your colleague by noon, and hes already preparing a different report for someone else by that same deadline? Conflicting pressures are similar to conflicting goals; the only difference is that conflicting pressures usually involve urgent tasks, while conflicting goals typically involve projects with longer timelines. If you suspect that people are experiencing conflict because of clashing short-term objectives, reschedule tasks and deadlines to relieve the pressure. 6. Conflicting Roles Sometimes we have to perform a task thats outside our normal role or responsibilities. If this causes us to step into someone elses territory, then conflict and power struggles can occur. The same can happen in reverse – sometimes we may feel that a particular task should be completed by someone else. Conflicting roles are similar to conflicting perceptions. After all, one team member may view a task as his or her responsibility or territory. But when someone else comes in to take over that task, conflict occurs. If you suspect that team members are experiencing conflict over their roles, explain why youve assigned tasks or projects to each person. Your explanation could go a long way toward remedying the pressure. You can also use a Team Charter to crystallize peoples roles and responsibilities, and to focus people on objectives. 7. Different Personal Values Imagine that your boss has just asked you to perform a task that conflicts with your ethical standards. Do you do as your boss asks, or do you refuse? If you refuse, will you lose your bosss trust, or even your job? When our work conflicts with our personal values like this, conflict can quickly arise. To avoid this in your team, practice ethical leadership : try not to ask your team to do anything that clashes with their values, or with yours. There may be times when youre asked to do things that clash with your personal ethics. Our article on preserving your integrity will help you to make the right choices. 8. Unpredictable Policies When rules and policies change at work and you dont communicate that change clearly to your team, confusion and conflict can occur. In addition, if you fail to apply workplace policies consistently with members of your team, the disparity in treatment can also become a source of dissension. When rules and policies change, make sure that you communicate exactly what will be done differently and, more importantly, why the policy is changing. When people understand why the rules are there , theyre far more likely to accept the change. Once the rules are in place, strive to enforce them fairly and consistently. Tip: Although Bell and Harts Eight Causes of Conflict provide a useful framework for identifying common causes of conflict in the workplace, they dont explore how to deal with conflict. So make sure that you know how to resolve conflict effectively, too. Key Points Psychologists Art Bell and Brett Hart identified eight causes of conflict in the early 2000s. The eight causes are: 1.Conflicting resources. 2.Conflicting styles. 3.Conflicting perceptions. 4.Conflicting goals. 5.Conflicting pressures. 6.Conflicting roles. 7.Different personal values. 8.Unpredictable policies.

Financial Statement Analysis

Financial Statement Analysis Financial performance, as a part of financial management, is the main indicator of the success or failure of the companies. Financial performance analysis can be considered as the heart of the financial decisions. Rational evaluation of the performance of the companies is essential to prepare sound financial policies and to attract potential investors. Shareholders are interested in EPS, dividend, net worth and market value per share. Management is interested in all aspects of financial performance to adopt a good financial management system and for the internal control of the company. The creditors are primarily interested in the liquidity of the company. Government is interested from the regulatory point of view. Besides, other stakeholders such as economists, trade associations, competitors, etc are also interested in the financial performance of the company. Therefore, all the stakeholders are interested in the performance of the companies but their perspective may be different. Financial analysis helps to highlight the financial performance of the company. It is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of a firm by properly establishing the relationship between the items on the Balance Sheet and those on the Profit and Loss Account (Pandey 1992, p109). It is a general term referring to the process of extracting and studying information in financial statements for use in management decision making, for example, financial analysis typically involves the use of ratios, comparison with prior periods and budget, and other such procedures. Financial appraisal is a scientific evaluation of the profitability and strength of any business concerns (Jain 1996, p36). It seeks to spotlight the significant impacts and relationships concerning managerial performance, corporate efficiency, financial strength and weakness and creditworthiness of the company (Srivastava 1985, p59). The objective of financial analysis is a detailed cause and effect study of the profitability and financial position (Hingorani and Ramnthan 1992). According to Hampton, â€Å"Financial Analysis is the process of determining the significant operating and financial characteristics of a firm from accounting data and financial statement. The goal of such analysis is to determine the efficiency and performance of the firms management, as reflected in the financial records and reports†(Hampton 1986, p85). Financial statements are such records and reports, which contain the data required for performance management. It is therefore important to analyze the financial statements to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company. The financial statements of a business enterprise are intended to provide much of the basic data used for decision making, and in general, evaluation of performance by various groups such as current owners, potential investors, creditors, government agencies, and in some instance, competitors (Benjamin et al 1975, p412). Financial statements are the reports in which the accountant summarizes and communicates the basic financial data. The financial statements provide the summary of a accounts of the company- the Balance Sheet reflecting the assets, liabilities and capital as of a certain date and the Profit and Loss Account showing the results of operation during a period. The financial statements are a collection of data organized according to logical and consistent accounting procedures (Hampton 1986, p85). The function of financial statement is to convey an understanding of some financial aspects of the company. Financial statement analysis involves appraising the financial statement and related footnotes of an entity. This may be done by accountants, investment analysts, credit analysts, management and other interested parties. Financial statements indicate an appraisal of a companys previous financial performance and its future potential (Shim and Siegel 1989, p197). The analysis of a financial statement is done to obtain a better insight into a firms position and performance (Munakarmi 2000). Analyzing a financial statement is a process of evaluating the relationship between component parts of financial statement to obtain a better understanding of the firms position and performance (Metcalf and Titard 1976, p157). The financial analysis is thus the analysis of the financial statements, which is done to evaluate the performance of the company. Ratio Analysis, Trend Analysis, Comparative Financial Statement Analysis and Common Size Statement Analysis are the major tools of the financial an alysis. Financial statement analysis involves the computation of ratios to evaluate a companys financial position and results of operation (Shim and Siegel 1989, p196). Ratio is an important tool of financial statement analysis. The relationship between two accounting figures, expressed mathematically is known as financial ratio (Pandey 1992, p110). â€Å"Ratio used as an index of yardstick for evaluating the financial position and performance of the firm. It helps analysts to make a quantitative judgement about the financial position and performance of the firm. It uses financial reports and data and summarizes the key relationship in order to appraise financial performance (Munakarmi 2000). Ratio analysis is such a powerful tools of financial analysis that through it, the economic and financial position of a business unit can be fully x-rayed. Ratios are just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare the performance of the firms (Brealey and Myeres 20 03). Ratios are exceptionally useful tools with which one can judge the financial performance of the firm over a period of time (Srivastava 1985, p63). Performance ratio can provide an insight into a banks profitability, return on investment, capital adequacy and liquidity (Clark 1999, p257). The above theories suggest that financial analysis helps to measure the performance of the companies. Different analysts desire different types of ratios, depending largely on whom the analysts are and why the firm is being evaluated. Short-term creditors are concerned with the firms ability to pay its bills promptly. In the short run, the amount of liquid assets determines the ability to pay off current liabilities. They are interested in liquidity. Long-terms creditors hold bonds or debentures; mortgages against the firm are interested in current payment of interest and the eventual repayment of the principal. The company must be sufficiently liquid in the short-term and have adequate profits for the long-term. They examine liquidity and the profitability. Stockholders, in addition to liquidity and profitability, are concerned about the policies of the firms stock. Without liquidity, the firm could not pay the cash dividends. Without profits, the firm could not be able to declare d ividends. With poor policies, the common stock would trade at a lower price in the market (Hampton 1986, p124). Analysis of the financial statement of a company for one year or for a shorter period would not truly reflect the nature of its operations. For this, it is essential that the analysis reasonably cover a longer period. The analysis made over a longer period is termed as Trend Analysis. Trend Analysis of the ratio indicates the direction of change (Pandey 1992, p51). This method involves the calculation of percentage relationship that each item bears to the same item in the base year. Trend percentage discloses the changes in the financial and operating data between specific periods and makes it possible to form an opinion as to whether favourable and unfavourable tendencies are reflected by the data. Comparative Statement Analysis is another method of measuring the performance of the company. It is used to compare the performance and position of the firm with the average performance of the industry or with other firms, such a comparison will identify areas of weakness which can then b e addressed to rectify the situation. From the above discussion, it is clear that performance is the result of various financials variables. Analysis of performance is not limited to analyzing one or two variable(s). it could be analyzed with the help of various financial indicators. Most of the studies, however, devoted to measure the performance in terms of profitability, stock returns, and turnover, risk adjusted returns on investment, dividends, growth of sales, market capitalization. Analyzing stock return constitutes market price per share and dividend per share. The trend of such variables over the period and comparison of the results with the results of the same variables of another firm or another industry indicates the relative performance of the firm or industry.

Freedom :: Essays Papers

Freedom College. It screams freedom. You plan and prepare for months and make decisions that will affect the rest of your life. You pack your room up and move it hundreds of miles from your controlling parents. This is it; freedom at last. No more curfews, no more rules, no more high school â€Å"mystery meat† day, and no more boring hometown. No need to worry about money, there’s plenty of it. Your parents are going to help pay for your living expenses and your scholarship and loan will get you through the tuition and fees. Everything will be perfect. The first week or so after moving into your new territory, be it a dorm or apartment, you realize how uneasy it feels to be away from the familiarities of your life before the move. You start to miss the little things. You wish that the ceiling fan made the same rattling noise that your fan at home made. You wish you were able to here the crickets outside at night instead of noisy neighbors or roommates. It doesn’t as seem perfect being in college as it did in your imagination. College can be a fun and exciting part of your life. But fun and excitement usually cost money. You have to pay for movie tickets, the late runs to Taco Bell, snacks, soda, and all the extras you want to decorate your new place with. Money is hard to come by in college. You spend most of your day in classes and if your parents have decided to not give you lots of money, you spend most nights working part-time. Working while attending school is not fun at all. It leaves you with little time to study or get homework done. And the little time you have is usually in the early hours of the morning, depending on how late you stay up. But you have to work in order to buy the things you want and to be able to eat out instead of eating the dorm food (which is surprising just as bad as high school lunch). Another thing college can do to a person is separate them from a boyfriend or girlfriend. Imagine spending every night with a person while you were in high school and then up and leaving one day.

Wedding Superstitions

Weddings have been celebrated since the beginning of time. So have wedding day superstitions. It is traditionally believed that weddings are susceptible to evil spirits and bad luck. Over time, wedding traditions and customs have been preserved to promote a happy, long, fertile and wealthy marriage. Here are some customs that the bride and groom might consider to ensure a successful marriage. The Engagement †¢So as not to endanger the marriage, the future bride may only propose marriage during a leap year. †¢It is a change for the worse if a future bride is to marry a man whose surname begins with the same letter as the future bride's first name. †¢In the past, it was believed that the vein on the forth finger of the left hand leads directly to the heart. An obvious finger of choice for the engagement and wedding rings. †¢The future bride must not remove the engagement ring prior to the wedding day. The Wedding Dress †¢To borrow a wedding gown brings good luck for the bride, but the lender is in for some bad luck. †¢Wedding superstitions suggest it is bad luck for the bride to make the wedding dress but the last few stitches should be completed by the bride moments before dressing. †¢It is an old tradition that the bride wears a veil. This wedding superstition helps to disguise the bride from any evil spirits. †¢A spider found in the wedding dress is particularly good luck. †¢The bride may also add a horse shoe to the wedding costume to promote good luck, with the open end up to keep the luck in. The Wedding Ceremony †¢English folklore insists that Saturday is the unluckiest day of the week to be married. The groom's birthday is the luckiest day to tie the knot. †¢For good luck, the groom must arrive at the wedding ceremony first. †¢To ensure this luck continues the bride must not be on time and should enter the ceremony with the right foot. †¢The timing of the wedding ceremony and the saying of the vows must be considered to ensure that the couple work together in the marriage. After the half hour and prior to the hour is considered lucky. †¢It is extremely unlucky if the wedding ring is dropped by the groom or the best man.

Free Essays on Shouldice Hospital

SHOULDICE HOSPITAL ¡Ã‚ ¦S STRATEGY The key to Shouldice Hospital ¡Ã‚ ¦s performance is its tightly focused service strategy. Shouldice has concentrated its market of sick people according to their complaints and then narrowed down to only one segment that is inexpensive to serve. Shouldice hospital accepts patients with only external types of abdominal hernias. It does not treat patients with internal hernias, such as hiatus or patients with any kind of medical risk. The benefits of a focused operation are readily demonstrated at Shouldice Hospital, whose very unusual product is a  ¡Ã‚ §hernia vacation. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Patients are admitted to a mansion like hospital in a beautiful setting outside Toronto. Every detail of the hospital ¡Ã‚ ¦s operations is focused on providing high-quality hernia care in a congenial, restful atmosphere. Patients mingle, mix, and generally relax, enjoying the experience so much that the annual reunion dinner is oversubscribed. SHOULDICE HOSPITAL ¡Ã‚ ¦S COMPETITIVE DIMENISIONS Competitive dimensions help to position the hospital in the market as the most cost effective and efficient organization to attract more customers. Shouldice Hospital in Canada focuses on hernia operations for otherwise healthy patients. The founder developed and standardized a repeatable surgical procedure that requires only local anesthesia and encourages patient movement, participation, and socialization through excellent ambulatory care provided in a non-hospital-like environment. The Shouldice process provides very high quality service at relatively low cost. It is, however, very inflexible and will not accept patients who have any risk factors and certainly does not treat patients for anything other than hernias. In detail, a few major competitive dimensions that form the competitive position of Shouldice hospital are as follows: Æ’Ã ¦ Cost: Shouldice Hospital is known for its efficient and inexpensive services. The average cost for a typical ... Free Essays on Shouldice Hospital Free Essays on Shouldice Hospital SHOULDICE HOSPITAL ¡Ã‚ ¦S STRATEGY The key to Shouldice Hospital ¡Ã‚ ¦s performance is its tightly focused service strategy. Shouldice has concentrated its market of sick people according to their complaints and then narrowed down to only one segment that is inexpensive to serve. Shouldice hospital accepts patients with only external types of abdominal hernias. It does not treat patients with internal hernias, such as hiatus or patients with any kind of medical risk. The benefits of a focused operation are readily demonstrated at Shouldice Hospital, whose very unusual product is a  ¡Ã‚ §hernia vacation. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Patients are admitted to a mansion like hospital in a beautiful setting outside Toronto. Every detail of the hospital ¡Ã‚ ¦s operations is focused on providing high-quality hernia care in a congenial, restful atmosphere. Patients mingle, mix, and generally relax, enjoying the experience so much that the annual reunion dinner is oversubscribed. SHOULDICE HOSPITAL ¡Ã‚ ¦S COMPETITIVE DIMENISIONS Competitive dimensions help to position the hospital in the market as the most cost effective and efficient organization to attract more customers. Shouldice Hospital in Canada focuses on hernia operations for otherwise healthy patients. The founder developed and standardized a repeatable surgical procedure that requires only local anesthesia and encourages patient movement, participation, and socialization through excellent ambulatory care provided in a non-hospital-like environment. The Shouldice process provides very high quality service at relatively low cost. It is, however, very inflexible and will not accept patients who have any risk factors and certainly does not treat patients for anything other than hernias. In detail, a few major competitive dimensions that form the competitive position of Shouldice hospital are as follows: Æ’Ã ¦ Cost: Shouldice Hospital is known for its efficient and inexpensive services. The average cost for a typical ...

Guide to Writing a College Essay About Failure

Guide to Writing a College Essay About Failure Are you looking for expert advice on this type of an essay prompt: The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? Youve come to the right place! Most students get confused when writing on this topic Ultimately, your college essay should emphasize your strong points and talents, not discuss your failures. However, you should consider the fact that choosing to write about failure has plenty of advantages. This essay option will help you convey creativity, maturity, a desire to grow and change over time. A person who can learn from the failure will be successful in life. Thats why you dont need to skip this topic, just reveal how you can turn your bad experience into a good one. Here are some tips to help you do that. Avoid the Obvious Answer If you want to write a successful essay, avoid too obvious and predictable topics, such as learning how to study, getting an A in math, etc. No one will appreciate the clichà © answer. Try to be creative and unforeseen. Wonder what type of failure is important for a good essay? Here are a few great ideas you can use: Letting down your friend or family A failure to behave appropriately A failure to do something under pressure A failure to listen to someones advice A failure to act when it was necessary Think why you acted that way and how you should have performed. No matter which failure you choose to analyze, make sure it reveals your personal growth and confidence. You have to demonstrate that you became a better person thanks to it. Write Without Judgment Try to share your thoughts and ideas without hurting, disappointing and angering others. Write without access emotions and disregard. Your task is to tell what happened in the most straightforward way. Use dialogs, descriptions, specific details to explain your experience in the most understandable to your reader way. Thats why you need to use clear and engaging language. A proper college essay should make a positive impression of you. If you blame others for your failure, it will seem that youve learned nothing from it and the committee may decide that you dont fit the college community. Show What You Learned Revealing your mistakes to the admissions officers shows them the type of student you will be in their college. Do your best to demonstrate what youve learned from your failure. This is the heart of your essay, the main point that should be considered seriously. To realize what you learned requires self-examination, powerful critical thinking skills and contemplation. Your main task is to show that you face problems, learn from them and move on. This way, you will prove that you are a self-aware and responsive person, a perfect type of student to join the campus community. No Morals at the End The idea of your college essay about failure is to attract the attention of your readers and share your experience with them. Your message should be obvious for the admissions officers to get it easily. Avoid the temptation to sum up your experience at the end, it will destroy the general impression of your essay. You should not be uncomfortable about discussing a failure. Colleges always appreciate students who can analyze their actions and learn from mistakes. When choosing a failure to write about, try to stay away from the topics that include anything illegal, such as underage drinking and drugs, or very risky behavior. Remember the primary goal of your essay: show your character and nature. The college essay is largely about you, about your values and writing ability. Reveal your real emotions and thoughts! image credit: thebluediamondgallery.com

The Horse Problem Math Challenge

The Horse Problem Math Challenge The highly prized skills that employers look for today are problem-solving, reasoning and decision making, and logical approaches to challenges. Fortunately, mathematics challenges are the perfect way to hone your skills in these areas, especially when you challenge yourself to a new Problem of the Week each week like this classic listed below, The Horse Problem. Though they may seem simple at first, problems of the week from such sites as MathCounts and Math Forum  challenge mathematicians to deductively reason the best approach to solving these word problems correctly, but oftentimes, phrasing is meant to trip up the challenge-taker, but careful reasoning and a good process for solving the equation will help ensure you answer questions like these correctly. Teachers should guide students toward a solution to problems like The Horse Problem by encouraging them to devise methods for solving the puzzle, which might include drawing graphs or charts or using a variety of formulas to determine missing number values. The Horse Problem: A Sequential Math Challenge The following math challenge is a classic example of one of these problems of the week. In this case, the question poses a sequential math challenge in which the mathematician is expected to calculate the final net result of a series of transactions. The situation: A man buys a horse for 50 dollars. Decides he wants to sell his horse later and gets 60 dollars. He then decides to buy it back again and paid 70 dollars. However, he could no longer keep it and he sold it for 80 dollars.The questions: Did he make money, lose money, or break-even? Why?The answer:  The man ultimately saw a net profit of 20 dollars; whether you use a number line or a debit and credit approach, the answer should always amount to the same. Guiding Students to the Solution When presenting problems like this one to students or individuals, let them devise a plan for solving it, because some students will need to act out the problem while others will need to draw charts or graphs; additionally, thinking skills are needed for a lifetime, and by letting students devise their own plans and strategies in problem-solving, teachers are allowing them to improve these critical skills. Good problems like The Horse Problem are tasks that allow students to devise their own methods to solve them. They should not be presented with the strategy to solve them nor should they be told that there is a specific strategy to solve the problem, however, students should be required to explain their reasoning and logic once they believe they have solved the problem. Teachers should want their students to stretch their thinking and move toward understanding as math should be problematic as its nature suggests. After all, the single most important principle for improving the teaching of math is to allow math to be pragmatic for students.

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of Research Paper

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of the Third Crusade) - Research Paper Example The paper is also meant to inform the readers of the figures that were behind the crusade and how each of them contributed to the struggle of rescuing and maintaining the ruler-ship of Jerusalem. The genre with which this work is written is kind of a narrative with blends the illustrations and examples that vividly make the reader grasp every element of the author’s thought. The text is elaborate and the evidences given are backed by references from other works thus authenticating it beyond doubts. The text though seems to be biased towards its analysis and projection of the opponent, the Muslim, who is the occupant of Jerusalem. Their leader Saladin is portrayed as a bad person yet to some extent the things that he did were much similar to those that Richard of England did. Richard is defended in the text for his deeds and he is showered with praises all through the text. Firstly, Richard is portrayed as a leader and a warrior who is a schemer with great intelligence. He thin ks ahead of time and he takes due consideration of his subject. During the initial stages of the third crusade, he knew and he had a feeling that it was very possible to conquer Jerusalem, but it needed more than that1. In his wisdom, there was a possibility of the win but maintaining the city after the conquest would pose a great challenge for him. This is because the soldiers and the crusaders would have loved to go back home to their people who had missed them. As the King, he had the authority of forcing the soldiers to take guard of the city but instead, his understanding stood open and in that consideration, he laid further strategies of laying the attack without offending his people both at home and in the battlefield. In the effect of this, Richard upon the in-depth analysis and understanding of the situation. He came to the realization that the dual combination of the Saladin’s powerful control of Egypt and Syria permitted him to in effect take control and surround t he crusaders. Because of his deep concern for others and the loyalty that he enjoyed, he had the stamina of power and humor of love that made him a powerful man in the crusade. He had the audacity to face danger and even in the farce face of defeat, he lost no hope and with resilience, he often snatches victory from the hand of defeat. This made his people believe in him. It is a natural thing that people would always follow the leader who assures them victory even in the face of confusion. His strategies were clear and even when there was uncertainty in the direction to follow, he promised victory by offering clear formula and methods of war and attacks2. Richard is further portrayed to have human attitude. He is empathetic and never had he wanted to put people to death. This is a thought which is quite paradoxical. When he was faced with conflicting situations, he had no choice but to slay a number of people. At the time, he wanted to make advances to the south, he was faced with a situation. He had two options; to set the war prisoners free or to leave a section of his soldiers in the guard or to kill them. As a rational thinker and a competent soldier, leaving a section of his soldier to take captive the prisoners would weaken his force.

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production Term Paper

The Chemistry of Biodiesel Production - Term Paper Example Biodiesel is one such form of hydrocarbon based fuels. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines biodiesel fuel as monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from a renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oil or animal fat (Zhang et al. 1). It is made by chemically combining any natural oil, fat or recycled grease with a suitable alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The general equation that can be used to predict the amount of biodiesel that will be made from fats and oils is as shown: 100 pounds of oil + 10 pounds of methanol > 100 pounds of biodiesel + 10 pounds of glycerol Biodiesel can be used as neat (B 100) or in a blend with petroleum diesel for example a blend of 20 % biodiesel with 80 % petro-diesel by volume, is termed â€Å"B 20† (van Gerpen et al. 22). ... The Biox process involves the use of a co-solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), to solubilize the methanol. THF enhances solubility of the alcohol in the triglyceride phase and thus hastens the otherwise slow reaction (van Gerpen et al. 38). With THF the reaction takes 5 to 10 minutes at a low temperature of 30 °C. On the other hand, in the supercritical process a high alcohol to oil ratio (42:1) mixture is subjected to supercritical conditions – temperatures of 350 – 400  °C and pressures of 1200 pounds per square inch and above. So far, the huge capital and operating costs incurred in performing the supercritical reactions have made scaling up of this process to be quite difficult (van Gerpen et al. 40). The most common way to produce biodiesel is through transesterification. Transesterification refers to a catalyzed chemical reaction involving vegetable oil and an alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (which is the biodiesel) and glycerol. Catalyzed processes ca n be further subdivided into three major processes: acid catalyzed processes, alkali catalyzed processes and enzyme catalyzed processes (Zhang et al. 2). The alkali catalyzed process involves use of a basic catalyst such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide whereas the acid catalyzed process involves the use of an acid such as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, or organic sulfonic acids as the catalyst. In enzyme catalyzed processes, lipases are used to catalyze transesterification in either aqueous or non-aqueous systems. Acid catalyzed and alkali catalyzed processes are the ones that continue to receive the most attention largely because the production of enzymes is significantly costly and their reactions remarkably slower (Zhang et al. 2). As mentioned previously,

Homework9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework9 - Essay Example Separation of power identifies three power centers that are necessary for offering checks and balance on each other. The branches are the Congress, the executive, and the Judiciary. The President heads the executive whose roles, besides primary roles, are to offer checks and balances on the judiciary and the Congress. The Congress is the law making body in the nation and the president has the duty to assent to made laws before they can become effective and to veto laws that may be repugnant to natural justice and this ensures that only rational laws that the Congress enact govern the people. The president also plays an important role in appointment of judges through nominating them and this ensures good conduct in the judiciary. The Judiciary is also necessary because of its checks on both the executive and the Congress. Like the executive, it can declare legislation unconstitutional and therefore render it invalid and this ensures that the Congress does not just make arbitrary laws. The Judiciary can also declare actions and decision of the executive unconstitutional to minimize arbitrary authority. The congress is also necessary because of its regulatory powers over the executive such as disapproving a bill that the president prefers, passing a law contrary to the president’s veto, impeaching the president, and refusing to approve the president’s recommendations that are subject to the Congress’ approval. In addition, the congress is necessary for its checks over the courts such as impeachment of judges for misconduct, refusing to approve appointment of a judge, and varying jurisdiction of a judge. Federalism is also necessary for checks and balances by the federal and state governments on each other (Wilson, Dilulio and Bose 31). The nation has an inefficient political system because of the mode of appointment to the political offices.

Discussion and Respond. 3 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion and Respond. 3 - Dissertation Example Effective leaders, through theoretical and practical skills determine these factors and design strategies that would ensure that goals are attained. Monkey Story (Company Norms) The story is a good analogy of how corporate norms are justified or rationalized. However, eventually, it presumes that, just like monkeys, employees manifest a blind adherence to company norms without questioning the underlying rationale for the behavior. I beg to disagree. People are rational beings. Eventually, new comers question why they are being told to do things the way they should do. Normally, organizations orient new employees by making them acquaint themselves with company policies and the organization’s code of discipline so that their work behavior is justified by the rules and regulations explicitly stated in the company policies and code of discipline. These are critical to ensure order, discipline and appropriate observance of work ethics and moral conduct expected of employees in a pr ofessional endeavor. US Navy Stand-Off Story, Communication It is a funny but effective story that exemplifies arrogance in communication definitely turns people off.

Chicano studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Chicano studies - Essay Example It is because political power is gained by having good number of followers. In addition, the voting pattern in the USA was more along the tribal lines thus making the Chicano people unlucky when it comes to national resource allocation. Having a political representative would have helped the Chicanos to develop within their area. Illiteracy was also another factor that significantly contributed to the underdevelopment of the Chicano people in Mexico. It is because they did not have the skills and experience on how to foster their individual development ideas that would help them to prosper to be in par with other communities. Moreover, they suffered because of discrimination from other communities who did not give them room to share or exchange ideas. Lack of adequate resources to the Chicano people made them remain behind in development sector. Lack of technological empowerment is also another area that contributed to the underdevelopment of the Chicanos. At the heart issues, dealing with presentation is the human urge to put things into category things, even other humans. One needed to be black or white, male or female, being an American or a citizen from whichever the country, to able to receive fair treatment in the society. The US racial groups were made up of black, white, indigenous, Asian and other. This meant that there was nowhere the Chicanos could fit in these races. The Us government termed them as Hispanics but was not well received by Latinos since it was not inclusive of everybody and they felt it was just top down ethnic identity. The Chicanos did not want to be identified by these dualisms, which was their biggest problem. In turn, the way that Chicanos represent themselves in a daily life did not correspond to the experience of other groups. Thus, it often results to portrayals that are inaccurate when that particular group does not have control of the way that exhibit those

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Not sure - Essay Example claim that man maintains innate inclinations towards morality, which does not let him to go astray quite unbridled without being responsible to some Supreme Being, who has created His voice in every heart in the form of conscience in order to keep the seduction and temptation of the evil away from him. Human nature, according to this distinguished sage, and its impulses as well, if cultivated, turn into moral virtues. Our natures are, he argues, what heaven has given us (6A.15). Since heaven has created human nature in its own image, it has natural tendencies of inclining towards goodness ultimately. Thus, human nature even remaining indulged into the vice of various kinds, eventually inclines to the traits and characteristics attributed to it by birth. Human nature, Mencius further asserts, is what links us with the non-human universe, the normative order of heaven. Consequently, human soul has been created with the gifted moral values Nature looks for in human actions in one way or the other. Indeed, the quality of this relationship is such that Mencius is able to claim that â€Å"If one knows one’s nature, one will know heaven† (Makeham 2001). The same has also been preached by Mencius’ predecessor Confucius, and the very notion has always been endorsed and projected by the future philosophers and thinkers in their respective philosophical works. Illustrious moralist and sage of ancient Chinese civilization Confucius had preached virtue and compassion towards humanity without discrimination through his preaching. He submits that where there exists the razor of iniquity, inequality, evil and social injustice in a society, there is least probability of the blossoming of the plant of goodness, charity, honesty and wisdom, and vice versa (Yu 2012). The same was the notion promoted by the distinguished ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who had declared having knowledge of the universal phenomena as a great virtue that protects humans from going astray and

Discussion and Respond. 3 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion and Respond. 3 - Dissertation Example Effective leaders, through theoretical and practical skills determine these factors and design strategies that would ensure that goals are attained. Monkey Story (Company Norms) The story is a good analogy of how corporate norms are justified or rationalized. However, eventually, it presumes that, just like monkeys, employees manifest a blind adherence to company norms without questioning the underlying rationale for the behavior. I beg to disagree. People are rational beings. Eventually, new comers question why they are being told to do things the way they should do. Normally, organizations orient new employees by making them acquaint themselves with company policies and the organization’s code of discipline so that their work behavior is justified by the rules and regulations explicitly stated in the company policies and code of discipline. These are critical to ensure order, discipline and appropriate observance of work ethics and moral conduct expected of employees in a pr ofessional endeavor. US Navy Stand-Off Story, Communication It is a funny but effective story that exemplifies arrogance in communication definitely turns people off.

Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Not sure - Essay Example claim that man maintains innate inclinations towards morality, which does not let him to go astray quite unbridled without being responsible to some Supreme Being, who has created His voice in every heart in the form of conscience in order to keep the seduction and temptation of the evil away from him. Human nature, according to this distinguished sage, and its impulses as well, if cultivated, turn into moral virtues. Our natures are, he argues, what heaven has given us (6A.15). Since heaven has created human nature in its own image, it has natural tendencies of inclining towards goodness ultimately. Thus, human nature even remaining indulged into the vice of various kinds, eventually inclines to the traits and characteristics attributed to it by birth. Human nature, Mencius further asserts, is what links us with the non-human universe, the normative order of heaven. Consequently, human soul has been created with the gifted moral values Nature looks for in human actions in one way or the other. Indeed, the quality of this relationship is such that Mencius is able to claim that â€Å"If one knows one’s nature, one will know heaven† (Makeham 2001). The same has also been preached by Mencius’ predecessor Confucius, and the very notion has always been endorsed and projected by the future philosophers and thinkers in their respective philosophical works. Illustrious moralist and sage of ancient Chinese civilization Confucius had preached virtue and compassion towards humanity without discrimination through his preaching. He submits that where there exists the razor of iniquity, inequality, evil and social injustice in a society, there is least probability of the blossoming of the plant of goodness, charity, honesty and wisdom, and vice versa (Yu 2012). The same was the notion promoted by the distinguished ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who had declared having knowledge of the universal phenomena as a great virtue that protects humans from going astray and

Branch of government Essay Example for Free

Branch of government Essay The executive branch is the most important government branch. The executive branch is the 3rd branch of government and with out it, the entire system would be backwards and out of order. The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. The de facto most senior figure in an executive is referred to as the head of government. The executive may be referred to as the administration, in presidential systems, or simply as the government, in parliamentary systems. The Executive branch provides national security and without national security there would definetley be no order and protection in the nation. The executive branch makes the President the commander in chief, the executive branch also makes the president the economic leader. The president appoints cabinet members, the cabinet contains the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General (Justice Department), the Secretary of the Interior, The Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, The, Secretary of Labor, The Secretary of Health and Human Services ,the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Energy and, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. The executive branch is the most important branch of government because without the cabinet and all the departments, the country would be in turmoil. If there were no laws to execute then the whole country would be out of order. If there was no executive branch there would be no running the functions of the state, managing the bureaucracy, and deciding how to enforce the law. The organizational structure of the executive branch will determine the relationship between the heads of state and government respectively. The Executive Branch also carries out the laws. In a presidential system the leader of the executive branch is at once the head of state and head of government. In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister with the title of prime minister is head of government, while the head of state is a largely ceremonial monarch or president.

Website Quality Evaluation Based on Sitemap

Website Quality Evaluation Based on Sitemap M.Chandran A.V.Ramani Abstract Website quality evaluation can be made based on creating site map for the WebPages for a single website which works properly. A website is taken for the analysis where we check every link under that website are checker and split it according to status code. By analyzing every status code from all those webpage links, we are ignoring every other link except the page contains status code 200. Then we are developing the sitemap for those links which is working perfectly. Keyword: Sitemap, Website, Search Engine Optimization, SMGA. 1. Introduction Website are something entirely new in the world of software quality, within minutes of going live .[]The World Wide Web has made the spread of information and ideas easy and accessible to millions. It’s the place where everyone has an opportunity to be heard—that is, if you can be found amidst the multitude of other Web sites out there. Every WebPages has their own characteristics and this characteristic has drawbacks and benefits.[1] There are many dimensions of quality, and each measure will pertain to a particular website in varying degrees. Here are some of them: time, a credible site should be updated frequently. The information about latest update also should be included on the homepage. However, if the information has not been updated currently, the visitor could easily know that perhaps the site manager does really bother to update the site. Second is structural, all of the parts of the website hold together and all links inside and outside the website should work well. Broken links on the webpage also are another factor that always downgrades the quality of website. Each page usually has references or links or connections to other pages. These may be internal or external web site. A user expects each link to be valid, meaning that it leads successfully to the intended page or other resource. In a 2003 experiment, discovered that about one link out of every 200 disappeared each week from the Internet [1]. The third factor is content;number of the links, or link popularity is one of the off page factors that search engines are looking to determine the value of the webpage. Most of search engine will need a website to have at least two links pointing to their site before they will place it to their index, and the idea of this link popularity is that to increase the link popularity of a website, this website must have large amount of high quality content. Number of links to website improves access growth and helps to generate traffic [2]. PR(A) = (1-d) + d(PR(t1)/C(t1) + + R(tn)/C(tn)) PR = page rank t1 – tn = are pages linking to page A C = is the number of outbound links that a page as D = is a damping factor, usually set to 0.85. Search engine such Google make a citation analysis to rank hits, then a website which has a any links to it will have a higher ranking compare than a website with a few links. This indicator can be used to measure the quality of web site. Fourth is response time and latency, a website server should respond to a browser request within certain parameters, it is found that extraneous content exists on the majority of popular pages, and that blocking this content buys a 25-30% reduction in objects downloaded and bytes, with a 33% decrease in page latency. Popular sites averaged 52 objects per page, 8.1 of which were ads, served from 5.7 servers [3], and object overhead now dominates the latency of most web pages [4]. Following the The first step would be to be sure your sitemap is up to date to begin with and has all the URLs you want. The main thing is none of them should 404 and then beyond that, yes, they should return 200s. Unless youre dealing with a gigantic site which might be hard to maintain, in theory there shouldnt be errors in sitemaps if you have the correct URLs in there. Getting sitemaps right on a large site made a huge difference to the crawl rate and a huge indexation to follow [3]. With growth of web-site content its getting harder and harder to manage relations between individual WebPages and keep track of hyperlinks within a site. Unfortunately there are no perfect web-site integrity tools or services that can enforce proper relationship between pages, keep track of moving content, webpage renames etc, and update corresponding URLs automatically. Modern content management systems and blog software may aggravate the problem even more by Replicating the same dead web links across numerous web-pages which they generate dynamically, so people can be getting 404 errors much more frequently.[4] Sitemap Sitemaps, as the name implies, are just a map of your site i.e. on one single page you show the structure of your site, its sections, the links between them, etc. Sitemaps make navigating your site easier and having an updated sitemap on your site is good both for your users and for search engines.[3]. Important sitemap errors that could affect our rankings The first step would be to be sure your sitemap is up to date to begin with and has all the URLs you want (and not any you dont want). The main thing is none of them should 404 and then beyond that, yes, they should return 200s. Unless youre dealing with a gigantic site which might be hard to maintain, in theory there shouldnt be errors in sitemaps if you have the correct URLs in there. Getting sitemaps right on a large site made a huge difference to the crawl rate and a huge indexation to follow. 2. Problem Definition . Every webpage design has their own characteristics and this characteristic has drawbacks and benefits. There is a mechanism for measuring the effects of the webpage component toward the performance and quality of website. This mechanism will measure size, component, and time needed by the client for downloading a website. The main factor that will influences this download time are page size (bytes), number and types of component, number of server from the accessed web. Research conducted by IBM can be used as a standard for performance measurement of quality [7]. Standard international download time for this performance can be used as a reference to categorize the tested webpage. After we have done with data, and then continued by testing of data. Table1. Standard of the website performance Four Reasons to keep Site Map A site map is literally a map of your Web site. It is a tool that allows visitors to easily get around your site. Having a well constructed site map is not only important to create a positive experience for your potential customers, but is an important aspect of search engine optimization. Below are 4 functions of a site map. Navigation A site map provides an organized list of links to all the pages on your Web site. If visitors get lost while browsing your site, they can always refer to your site map to see where they are and get where they would like to go. Site maps allow your visitors to navigate your Web site with ease. Theme When visitors access your site map, they will learn a lot about your Web site within a very short period of time. A well constructed site map will allow visitors to easily and efficiently grasp your site. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Since a site map is a single page that contains links to every page on your Web site, it is a very effective way to help search engine spiders crawl through your site with ease.Since search engines rely on links to find the main pages of your site, a site map is a great way to get every page on your site indexed by the search engines. The more pages you have indexed by the search engines, the more potential you will have to reach a greater number of prospective clients. The World Wide Web has made the spread of information and ideas easy and accessible to millions. It’s the place where everyone has an opportunity to be heard—that is, if you can be found amidst the multitude of other Web sites out there. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is the process of making your Web site accessible to people using search engines to find services you provide. Search engines (such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing) operate by providing users with a list of relevant search results based on keywords users enter. This allows people who don’t know your Web site address to find your site through keyword searches [1]. Some basic features of Web sites that search engine spiders look for are:Keyword usage, Keyword placement, Compelling content, HTML title tags, meta-descriptions and Keyword tags, External and internal links, Site updates, Site map, Web design, Functionality. Effective keyword usage is not simply based on repeating a keyword or phrase over and over on your Web site. Organization A site map enables you to easilyassess the structureof your site to see where your site is strong and where it is weak. Whenever you need to add new content or new sections to your Web site, you will be able to take the existing hierarchy into consideration by glancing at your site map.[1] Sitemap files have a limit of 50,000 URLs and 10 megabytes per sitemap. Sitemaps can be compressed usinggzip, reducing bandwidth consumption. Multiple sitemap files are supported, with aSitemap indexfile serving as an entry point.Sitemap indexfiles may not list more than 50,000 Sitemaps and must be no larger than 10MiB(10,485,760 bytes) and can be compressed. You can have more than oneSitemap indexfile [2] 3. Methodologies This research stages will start with problem identification followed by research procedure and sample of data explanation. Nature of invalid hyperlinks With growth of web-site content its getting harder and harder to manage relations between individual WebPages and keep track of hyperlinks within a site. Unfortunately there are no perfect web-site integrity tools or services that can enforce proper relationship between pages, keep track of moving content, webpage renames etc, and update corresponding URLs automatically. With time this causes some hyperlinks becomeobsolete,stale,dangling, and simply deadbecause they dont lead to valid pages anymore, and web-users are going to get404response codes or other unsuccessful HTTPresponses each time when they try to access the web-pages. Modern content management systems and blog software may aggravate the problem even more by replicating the same dead weblinks across numerous web-pages which they generate dynamically, so people can be getting 404 errors much more frequently. Important of onlinelink checker Due to lack of adequate problem detection tools (aka URL validators, web spiders, HTML crawlers, websites health analyzers etc) its really very hard to identify what exact local and outbound hyperlinks became dead, and its even harder to fix those because in order to do so you need to know precise location of the broken linking tag in the HTML code: without that you will need to scan through thousands source lines to find exact HREF (or other linking sub-tag) that causes the problem. Sample Data In order to get data for this research, we examined Ramakrishna mission portals were not randomly selected, but a careful process was undertaken. Rather than selecting any generic [5] At the beginning of the process we are giving the website link. As we can see that the status of that website, whether it presents or not. By the analysis of this functionality we can able to get the status code of the website link. As shown in the figure, the domain name, ip address and server name with status code would be displayed. If the website status code is 200 then the website link that we gave is completely ok. If the website link we gave is broken or deleted than it will display the 404 status code error. Constructing Tree Structure by Applying Site Mapping Generation Algorithm (SMGA) MAPGEN(Di) { GenRoot(m1,.mn); // Getting root node for menus For i0 to n For j0 to f s[j]=GetChild(mi,j); // For getting child node End For If s[i]==NULL AddNode(mi,NULL); //No child node for root Else AddNode(s[i], mi); // adding child to root node End If End For For all m, sDomain } 4. Result and Discussion In Table-2, we are giving a website link (http://www.srkv.org) to test whether that link present or not. After receiving that the status of that link as 200, we are examining whether that link has site map or not. If we got to know that the website does not have the site map, we are moving to the next step of process. Table-2: From Table-3, we are exploring how many links totally that website contains. With the help of that data we are processing every single link that we got to receive the status code of that link. By categorizing that we are splitting them into number of collection sorted by status code. We are developing the site map for the link which has the status code 200. We are ignoring the rest of the links from that website. Table3. Dynamic website(www.srkv.org) List of errors with status code . Table-4 shows the common status code that occurs often with description and comment. When the received links which has the status 200, we could confirm that the link of that website link is working fine. When the received code is 404, the requested page or the URL is not available or unknown location to the server. When the received status code is 522, the requested web server is currently down or unavailable due to traffic. ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Table-4: Figure-1 represents in form of chart which the data that collected from the Table-2. From the chart we can understand that the status code of the website link data has drawn where the 404 status code occurs often than others. Figure-1 First step for creating site map we need a site to analyse the WebPages under that site. For that we are taking a link (www.srkv.org) for creating site map. After reading every page under that link, we can get a table of content which has a series of links with the status code. We found that the total link contains under that website is 193. By categorizing those pages according to the status code of the every link. The total link that contains 200 Status code is 84. The total link that contains the 404 status code is 104. The total link that contains 410 Status code is 4. The total link that contains Status code 522 is 1. By ignoring all the links that contains status code except 200. We can only create site map for the link which contains the 200 status code. Development of the sitemap Generator The sitemap which shown in the Figure-2 had generated with the help of above algorithm. The algorithm defines the process to show the result by means of root node and child node. If the link is Title it adds to the root node else it add that sub title link as child node. Figure -2 5. Conclusion We taking a required link of the website to check all the links under that which has the status code 200 and ignoring the remaining error links. The page which works completely has been taken for creating sitemap based on SMGA algorithms.  ­ Search Engine optimization Looks for sitemap in every website for the ranking system in every query search. We are developing the sitemap for the website which already do not have the sitemap within. When the SEO found the sitemap in a website then it would increase the ranking. References Frank McCown, M.N., and Johan Bollen, The Availability and Persistence of Web References in D-Lib Magazine, in the 5th International Web Archiving Workshop and Digital Preservation (IWAW05). 2005. Larry Page, R.M., Sergey Brin,Terry Winograd. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine. Stanford. Krishnamurthy, B.a.C.W. Cat and Mouse: content Delivery Tradeoffs in Web Access. in WWW 2006. Edinburgh, Scotland. Yuan, J., Chi, C.H., and Q. Sun. A More recise Model for Web Retrieval. in WWW 2005. 2005. Chiba, Japan. Team, I.W.S., Design for Performance: Analysis of Download Times for Page Elements Suggests Ways to Optimize. 2001. Information on â€Å"Helping Spiders Crawl through your Web Site â€Å"available at, http://sonicseo.com/helping-spiders/last accessed at 18 September, 2013. Information on â€Å"sitemaps† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitemaps#Sitemap_index/,last modified on 15 September 2013, Information on† Free Broken Link Checker /OnlineURLValidator†http:/brokenlinkcheck.com/, last accessed at 18 September, 2013 Handaru Jati and Dhanapal Durai Dominic â€Å"Quality Evaluation of E-Government Website using Web Diagnostic Tools:Asian Case†,2009 International Conference on information management and Engineering ,2009 IEEE.

Eleanor Wilners On Ethnic Definitions :: On Ethnic Definitions Essays

"On Ethnic Definitions" is one of the shortest poems in Eleanor Wilner's anthology Reversing the Spell, but it is arguably one of the most powerful. In "Definitions," Wilner addresses issues of Jewish identity. As the title implies, she defines the Jewish people in ten lines. The nature of her definition is not immediately obvious, however. At first, readers unfamiliar with Jewish theology may believe that Wilner's definition is a bleak one that centers around death. It does at first appear that Wilner is saying that the very definition of the Jewish people is their death and burial, their destruction. However, after a brief explanation of the Jewish theology behind the poem, readers will see that Wilner's definition of the Jewish people is by no means a sad one, but rather a definition that includes hope and a future. Wilner begins by establishing the poem's setting with the first two lines: the small Jewish ghetto in Prague during World War II. Readers must, of course, be familiar with some Holocaust history to realize what Wilner is writing about. Then Wilner describes the way that the dead were buried standing up for lack of room, calling it the "underground / train to Sheol..." (5-6). In ancient Jewish theology, Sheol represented the underworld, or the afterlife. It was a place to which everyone went, no matter how one had lived one's life. Continuing with the train imagery, Wilner writes that the Holocaust was a "rush hour of ghosts" (7). But all hope is not lost; one day, the final train will arrive and "the final / trump [will sound]" (8-9). In the same line, Wilner lets readers who are familiar with Jewish theology in on what she is writing about. When she writes that "the Saved dead will rise" she is alluding to the coming of the Messiah, for Jewish theology asserts that the dead will be resurrected at that time (9). Then, in the most important line of the poem, Wilner states when the Messiah comes the dead who were buried standing up can "at last lie down" (10). In these few lines, Wilner has gone through the entire Jewish life cycle in the early 20th century. Jews live in small, cramped ghettos; they die at the hands of Aryan oppressors; they are buried in a way unbefitting their religious traditions; and they go to Sheol. The first five lines of the poem focus on the death and burial of the Jews of Prague.

The Theme in The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara Essay -- Toni Cade Bambar

The Theme in The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara The theme in "The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara appears to be a lesson on Social Class and having a choice which society you choose to live in. Miss. Moore who takes on this responsibility to educate the young ones has more then a lesson to teach, but a challenging group of city kids to come by. Sylvia and Sugar which seems to be the leader of the group of neighborhood kids gives Miss. Moore that challenge and not give her the satisfaction. Sylvia's stubborn and stern attitude is sear towards Miss. Moore perhaps Sylvia got a bad impression of Miss. Moore from all that was said about her by the grown-ups. The narrator speaks as a second person and to me Sylvia is the narrator in the story. When the narrator speaks it is she would always say "I" and when Miss. Moore asked Sylvia she states "I'm mad, but I won't give her that satisfaction". The story takes place in what some people might call the projects, or the gutto but in this case it's called the slums by Miss, Moore. Miss. Moore star...

Ikea Global Business

Resource Based View This view focuses on Value, Resource, Imitability and Organizational factors (VRIO) of capabilities and resources deposit within the firm. Ikea has out performed its competitors since the time it was born. Below is the analysis of Ikea based on VRIO analysis- Value – When different companies enter into the industry dominated by a single firm. Then, the firm dominating needs to focus on its value adding capabilities and resources. Ikea is a firm that has been dominating the industry in which it’s operating.The reason behind this success is the firm has some valuable resources and capabilities. For example. the firm has strong long-term commitment with the suppliers, which has been beneficial for the firm to get its products at lost cost and the company specializes in recycling five of its waste materials. It is known for its franchising missions, unlike other companies it does not get into the international markets via joint ventures or partnerships b ut through agreements.One of them is, in 2001 it entered into an agreement with Musicmusicmusic, Inc. to introduce industrial sound service. Rarity – This means the firm needs to have certain resources and capabilities, which are not available by the others. Ikea possesses huge real estates for forests that are under its responsibility and management. The firm has adopted environmental conservational culture that does not allow it to accept timber, plywood, layer glued wood and veneer from forest of high conservation value. Also you can read  Business Ethics ComprisesThe company is popular for its designer products and classical furniture that range from Egyptian art to Asian style. Point to be noted is that the firm imports curve wood and bamboo heavy lacquers from China using which furniture is made by using high quality craftsmanship, which is all sold at a low cost. This makes the firm to have rare quality products which are most demanded by customers and therefore, giving a competitive advantage.

Contribute to Children and Yp’s Health and Safety

MU 2. 4 CONTRIBUTE TO CHILDREN’S AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S HEALTH & SAFETY Check your knowledge 1. What does COSHH stand for? COSHH stands for control of substances hazardous to health 2. Name two other regulations that cover health and safety in children’s settings. Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR) 1995 Food hygiene legislation 2006 – safe storage and preparation of food 3. List six routine daily checks you should make of the indoor and outdoor environments in your setting. ndooroutdoor Check that floor is clean, clear, bright and look invitingCheck that there are not sharp instruments, rocks check that all toys are securely place on mats, or well arranged and not damagedEnsure that there are not insects and bees nests Check that heating and lights are workingEnsure shed is locked at the end of the day 4. Identify two ways in which you can make sure children are secure in your setting. †¢Checking that the gates a nd the doors are locked †¢Ensure that the adult to child ratio is correct . List three aspects of welfare covered by the statutory requirements of the EYFS. Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfareThe provider must take necessary steps to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. The provider must promote the good health of the children, take necessary steps to prevent the spread of infection, and take appropriate action when they are ill. Children’s behaviour must be managed effectively and in a manner appropriate for their stage of development and particular individual needs. OrganizationProviders must plan and organize their systems to ensure that every child receives an enjoyable and challenging learning and development experience that is tailored to meet their individual needs. DocumentationProviders must maintain records, policies and procedures required for the safe and efficient management of the settings and to meet the needs of the children. 6. Give three examples of how you might assess the risk of particular activities, taking the children’s ages into account. working with animals – the animals must be well trained, proper supervision and the activity should be made with children over 8 years †¢football – the children can hit each other or can happen accidents as breakages; as a control measure I need to provide plenty of space and not interfere with other games †¢ 7. Why is it important to record accidents and incidents? It is important to learn from mistakes and prevent children being injured or becoming ill in f uture and to report to parents. 8. List six items from a first aid kit. †¢adhesive bandages, †¢sterile dressings, †¢thermometer, †¢gloves, †¢regular strength pain medication, †¢Disinfectant. 9. What should you do in the case of an accident before you start to give first aid? Before starting to give first aid in the case of an accident is to call for an ambulance. 10. List three key signs of meningitis in a baby or young child. †¢Fever †¢Headache †¢Dislike of light †¢Stiff neck †¢Red spots underneath the skin that not disappear when a glass is pressed against it

International marketing-country of origin, foreign and domestic Essay

International marketing-country of origin, foreign and domestic consumer predispositions - Essay Example The study will highlight varied internationalization, country of origin and consumer disposition effect related to the marketing plan of Grazia, a leading Italian fashion brand. Finally, the study would also highlight the impact of country of origin and brand positioning effect of apparels produced by leading Italian fashion companies. Country of Origin Effect The country of origin effect would constitute of differences between internationalization and international control strategies that can be due to varied national origins rather than the variations in the marketing environment (Harzing and Noorderhaven, 2000).The differences in the market dynamics and the cultural differences is a contributing factor for the increase in the country of origin effects. The national culture and the upbringing of the customers play an important role in determining the purchasing behaviour (Costa, Krutulyte and Grunert, 2006). In this context, the management of Grazia would try to assess the fashion requirements of the European common people and manufacture stylish and comfortable dresses as per customer preferences. Firstly, it has been noticed that the European people prefer Italian brands over the international brands (Greta and Lewandowski, 2013). The position of Grazia is quite strong in the European apparel industry and hence, the management will utilize this opportunity effectively to retain its marketing position strongly. The management of Grazia will try to create a unique marketing plan, which will also helps in attracting potential investors for the company. The most common trend among the European people is to understand and wear clothes of latest fashion. The company will try its utter best to manufacture comfortable and fashionable clothes at affordable prices to cater to the needs of the European customers. The varied clothing line will also be available in small retail stores throughout the European region. Apparels are regarded as one of the basic fashion nece ssity for European customers. The clothing line manufactured by Grazia is regarded as one of the most coveted fashion products in the entire Italian region (Tronconi, 2012). Much is contributed to the effective marketing strategies and the country of origin effect of the apparel industry. Domestic & Consumer Predisposition Consumer disposition or brand positioning will help the company to attain its market position by accomplishment of goals and objectives. Consumer disposition occurs highly with the high involvement of varied range of goods and services. This would lead to frequent purchase of apparels and also to the positive brand positioning of Grazia. This would also include strong advertising effectiveness, which will be measured by the consumers purchase intentions and impact attitude. The main objective of the brand positioning plans of Grazia would be as follows: To create awareness among the potential consumers who do not have the slightest hint about the varied types of c lothing line manufactured by Grazia To create preferences among the undecided Provide reinforcement among the positive predisposed Conversion of negatively predisposed items into positive items The main objective of Grazia would be to create a niche in the Italian apparel industry and also increase its profitability. In this context, one of the main objectives of Grazia would be to manufacture clothing line from high quality Italian yarn and sell these at an

Entering UMass College for Bachelor of Health Administration courses Essay

Entering UMass College for Bachelor of Health Administration courses - Essay Example Upon completion of this undergraduate program, I have great passion of continuing to obtain my graduate program. I am really encouraged, motivated and focused because I am convinced that am in the right career path since I have a great passion for this and even have some family history. I have a strong foundation of this field and have had a lot of inspiration from family and friends. I have attended Practical Nursing School in Cincinnati, Ohio, where I received training as a Practical Nurse. Further, I have worked as a Licensed Practical Nurse for seven years. During this period, I have had the opportunity to serve various people in the community and made an impact in their life. Considering that, I have shown quality service to the community during this period; my goal is to complete my Bachelor program in your institution so that I can be in a position to offer broad and better service to people. This has prepared a foundation for my success in this field. Pursuing Health Administration has been my long-term goal, and I would like to make this dream come true by obtaining a Bachelor of Health Administration from University of Massachusetts. I really appreciate your time and consideration, and look forward for a feedback

The Blue Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Blue Hotel - Essay Example The life at the west is of harshness and being unfair to the young men who have no protection. One must defend himself in order to survive at the west when he gets accused of card cheating where by he defends his own personal identity. The father of the son decides not to protect the son and a Swede decides to take the chance and prove his victory. Both the son and a Swede decide to start the fight and discover who the best in the west is. Their fear gives them the confusion of who the winner is and the five men motivate the son to defeat the Swede. The writer is determined to explain how the five characters come together to give the son courage and support to fight at the west and defend his life. The writer also uses a number of styles and themes to prove that there was unity among the five men. In the book, there is the theme of alienation which is the main key in the book. For the men who alienate, they face consequences in their decisions giving out loneliness and they break the bondage unity. One who alienates remains lonely creating a brick with the other members in the society. This makes the lonely person to experience self destructive behavior and be in a state of paranoia. It gives the five men the advantage to come together and rise up idea on how the Swede was to be terminated. Swede who is a stranger in the city just like the other two visitors, Easterner and Cowboy, but he is the odd one out and he really fears on his life of which it is reflected at the end of the story. Honesty is another theme that is depicted in the story which gives unity to the five people in the story to win. Whenever there is lack of trust there is disunity causing dealings on individuals giving them the insecurity motive. One of the characters in the book by the name ‘thieving card player’ is considered to be generous making the

Aims of the Practical Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aims of the Practical - Lab Report Example In the end, the recipient would have an enhanced combination of genes, as they have been donated from the donor to the recipient (Carson, Miller and Witherow, 2011, 66). Therefore, research and pharmaceuticals have an aim of quantifying the appropriate actions that should be used in strengthening a gene by fusing some genes from a recipient to a donor. The aim of this practical is to associate the transportation of genes from one form of DNA to another combination. The recombination of the DNA is basically used to ensure the recipient is at a better state than the previous state. Therefore, finding an appropriate approach towards making a better solution in strengthening gene combination and DNA is a priority in this practical. For instance, when two genes are fixed together, the bonding creates a strong combination. With such a combination, it is evident that the recipient will be at an enhanced position in the daily functionality. It is considered that fusing two genes leads to enh anced activities in the DNA, which is appropriate in keeping a highly functioning gene combination. Materials and methods There is a wide variety of materials that should be used in this process. The materials are to be readily available, to show the importance of different combinations especially in the DNA field. The initial material that will be used in this practical is the FtsZ gene. This is a single celled alga that is indicated by the Pleurochrysis carterae (Pc-ftsZ). This is a highly active protein that is believed to be the vital structure being the division of mitochondrion in the body. The protein is solely responsible for highly initiating the reaction of the mitochondria to multiply at a higher rate. Therefore, using this material in the reaction will be dominant in making an increase in the mitochondria division. The second material to be used in this experiment will be a low-copy of plasmid pProEX. The low copy plasmid will be used in comparison to the second copy of plasmid. The third material is the high copy plasmid, which will be used with the pProEX (Carson, Miller and Witherow, 2011, 31). Inserting the pProEX into the high copy of the Plasmid will be the practical of showing the reaction of the two. The other materials to be used in this experiment are gathered pBluescript KS II which is positive (+). This is a material that is gathered from E. Coli. These will be followed by a double restriction of two enzymes, namely BamHI and HindIII. The reaction will lead to a release of FtsZ, which is also vital in the experiment. After insertion of FtsZ, it will be followed by isolating pBKS II DNA, which is done by inserting a restriction enzyme. As part of the reaction, a catalyst will be used. The catalyst in this experiment will be alkaline-phosphate (AP), which is also a treatment for the lenealised plasmid. Another function of the AP will be preventing any partially digested plasmid from re-circulating. Results Plasmids are considered to be vi tal in helping bacterial hosts, in that they are useful in preventing bacterial infections. They are useful in resistance to antibiotics and degradation of organic complexes. Therefore, it is a positive maneuver for the plasmids to be increased in their production. Reproduction of the genes in the combination will obviously come out with positive results. First, the body will be well prepared to deal with organic complexes.

Welcome Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Welcome Letter - Essay Example Foreigners are welcome in the United States. Due to the diverse ethnic and racial composition of the student population on campus few will actually realize that you are foreign students. Learning the basics about the United States culture is important. In the United States we eat three times a day. Eating at fast food restaurants is a common occurrence. I recommend that as you start meeting people inside and outside of class inviting them to enjoy a meal during lunchtime at the cafeteria or at fast food restaurants is a good way to enjoy time with other people while sharing a meal together. Sports are a major part of our culture. Our school has several sporting teams. Students at our university enjoy going to these sporting events. Most of them are free of charge for students. There are many extracurricular activities going on at our campus everyday. To enjoy the full college experience it would be good for you guys to attend the art expositions, theater events, music shows, and seminars by professionals that occur every semester at our university. Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace are a hot trend among young people in America. If you donâ€℠¢t have one you should open an account immediately particularly one in Facebook which is the industry leader in social networks. Facebook has 750 million users worldwide (Facebook, 2011). This is a great way to meet friends. You should invite your classmates to be your friends on Facebook or any other social network. As students that are enrolled at our university I know you have high educational goals. You should visit the educational counselors of our school to share with them your aspirations and goals. They can help you create a long term plan for your future. This university is not a walk in the park from an academic perspective. All curriculums are very hard and it takes a lot of hard work and dedication to succeed academically. If you need help don’t hesitate

Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Essay

Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms - Essay Example The Purchasing Power Parity principle (PPP) was enunciated by a Swedish economist, Gustav Cassel in 1918. According to this theory, the price levels (and the changes in these price levels) in different countries determine the exchange rate of these countries currencies. The basic tenet of this principle is that the exchange rates between various currencies reflect the purchasing power of these currencies. This tenet is based on the Law of One Price. ... It also makes a few additional assumptions. No transaction costs in the foreign currency markets: It assumes that there are no costs involved in buying or selling a currency. Basket of commodities: It also assumes that the same basket of commodities is consumed in the different countries, with the components being used in the same proportion. This factor, along with the Law of One Price, makes the overall price levels in different countries equal. Though the explanation provided by the absolute PPP is very simple and easy to understand, it is difficult to test the theory empirically. This is due to the fact that the indexes used in different countries to measure the price level may not be comparable due to: -- the indexes being composed of different basket of commodities, due to different needsand tastes of the consumer. -- the components of the indexes being weighted differently due to their comparativerelevance, -- different base years being used for the indexes. Due to these reasons, these price indexes cannot be used to evaluate the validity of the theory. The relative form of PPP: The absolute form of PPP describes the link between the spot exchange rate and price levels at a particular point of time. On the other hand, the relative form of PPP talks about the link between the changes in spot rates and in price levels over a period of time reflect the changes in the price levels over the same period in the concerned economies. Relative PPP relaxes a number of assumptions made by the Law of One Price and the absolute PPP. These are: Absence of transaction costs Absence of transportation costs Absence of tariffs. The relaxation of these assumptions

Reducing Racial Discrimination in the USA Essay Example for Free

Reducing Racial Discrimination in the USA Essay Between the periods of 1877-1981 there were many significant figures who contributed towards reducing racial discrimination in the USA. Although without events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, WWII or the actions of the NACCP to change attitudes towards African Americans, these individuals would have had little effect. The likes of Booker T Washington and Du Bois set the foundation for civil rights along with the Second World War; however other individuals such as Martin Luther King help to actively progress the movement. Along with this the government and various presidents more so in the latter of the period of 1877-1981 helped to change attitudes and enforce legislation which was vital in reducing racial discrimination in the USA. Booker T Washington began to provide the foundations to the civil rights movement in his actions. Although I believe that during this early period of the movement little was achieved, Washington was still able to provide education, and show African Americans that they had a future and it was at their own mercy. This helped to relieve some who were less fortunate. On the other hand Du Bois took a route which directly campaigned for civil rights for African Americans; alike to Washington he achieved little due to the already widespread racial situation in the USA. It is noticeable that these individuals had no short term meaningful effect on reducing racial discrimination, however much was achieved long term as they created the path for the civil rights movement in the future, this was also aided with the work from the NACCP, which raised awareness of the racial discrimination situation in America. Another individual which had little short term significance in reducing racial discrimination was Marcus Garvey, who unlike Du Bois and Washington believed that blacks and whites could not co-exist and they should be separate, he held the belief that African Americans had to start their own nation in order to advance. Whilst he failed to make much impact on the movement itself, alike to his predecessors Du Bois and Washington, his ideas were valued and widespread, they inspired many including future activists such as Malcolm X. Garvey gave African Americans at that time a sense of confidence that they would be able to advance as a race, and they need not be bound by the constraints of racial discrimination. This is why in the Long term Garvey was a valued activist, and his ideas were useful in progress in the movement towards equality. Also he gave confidence to other African Americans in campaigning against racial discrimination which could be seen in the likes of the Greensboro Sit Ins further into the civil rights movement. The likes of the NACCP helped to put an end to racial discrimination with the use of court cases and legal methods which were unlike the methods that the likes of Washington used with his attempts to educate. Examples of this were Brown Vs the board of education which the Supreme Court ruled in favor of reducing discrimination and segregation within schools. However the NACCP failed to diminish discrimination totally the organization still managed to do some good in the fight for equality. Furthermore, whilst the likes of Du Bois were unable to make a direct impact on reducing discrimination, he was able to work alongside the NACCP using other methods to succeed in his goals, and together this would reduce discrimination more. Therefore the NACCP played a more important role than early individuals in reducing racial discrimination towards African Americans through its early successes in successes in removing segregation, and although things to come would show to be more valuable to the civil rights movement, the NACCP was still a vital element in setting the foundation of the civil rights movement for the future. Although individuals had led the campaign for civil rights for African Americans throughout the early 20th century and towards the end of the 19th, as WWII commenced it would prove to be a key factor in aiding reduction of racial discrimination. It helped to change attitudes towards black Americans, as they went to war; they were portrayed to be worthy American citizens which changed many white Americans attitudes towards them. The war also created stepping stones for the likes of Martin Luther King to breach into the civil rights movement, therefore not only did it have an impact on black Americans, it also created some success for many civil rights activists. However the war did nothing to reduce discrimination towards other ethnic minorities, for example Japanese Americans received much racial discrimination due to Japans role in WWII. Although the war was bad for the civil rights of Japanese Americans, Chinese Americans received a better way of life, with more civil rights as America forged a great political relationship with China after the war due to their help during it. Therefore WWII was a great influence on reducing racial discrimination within the USA for only certain minorities, although for the likes of Japanese Americans way of life got worse as they were sent to camps until the war ended due to suspicions. The war was more important than earlier individuals as it had a direct impact on reducing racial discrimination, and further effect in the emergence of fresh civil rights activists who would later have a significant role in the movement. As the attitudes towards African Americans changed after the war in the 1940s many civil rights activists saw their time to join the civil rights movement. One of these activists was Martin Luther King who used methods of non-violence in order to gain sympathy from whites and in doing so change attitudes towards black Americans. Although his views were similar to those of Du Bois views, King had more effect on reducing racial discrimination. Particularly in attempts to eliminate desegregation. This was likely to be partly due to how far the civil rights movements had advanced by Kings time, in particularly down to WWII which changed attitudes. King gave confidence to Black Americans; he used television and media to convey his ideas through speeches which were very influential and very much a trait of his. King was often compared as similar to Washington and Du Bois, although he did much more to reduce discrimination. His direct actions in the likes of the Montgomery Bus boycott. This event was critical in reducing racial discrimination as it saw black Americans united as one to fight for their cause, its success showed that with the unity of African Americans civil rights could be achieved, and also proved that the likes of King needed events such as the boycott to achieve anything as an activist. This event was significant to him. Also significant to Kings civil rights success was the use of television. With the use of television violence towards African Americans could be shown to a wider audience across the USA, and could hange attitudes. Therefore although King was more significant than his predecessors Washington, Garvey and Du Bois as an activist, this was partly due to what King had to work with such as television. Further to this, the likes of civil rights activists such as Cesar Chavez who was in the fight for reducing discrimination within Mexican Americans followed Kings policies of non-violence, this showed King was not only having an effect on black Americans. Chavez led the first farm workers union in America which was successful to some extent, and led to the reduction of racial prejudice. Although this wasnt much compared to what the likes King had achieved with his use of speeches. In contrast to Kings policy of non-violence was the up and coming idea of Black Power during the 1960s. Originating from Garvey, violent civil rights activist Malcolm X worked to make the ideology more popular. The idea supported segregation, and blacks being supreme compared to white Americans, and again highlighted the ideas of African Americans starting their own nation. Xs beliefs of gaining equality by any means necessary contrasted with Kings beliefs of non-violence which made King and X much like enemies during the 1960s. However, Xs ideas had little or none effect on passing legislation and reducing discrimination. Although alike to Garvey X gave black Americans confidence, noticeably within the northern ghettos in highlighting important issues of violence within these areas. Therefore Xs views of violence were greatly frowned upon, which always put him in the shadow of King who was always more significant in reducing racial discrimination in the USA. In the early stages of the civil rights movement the government played little role in reducing racial discrimination. However presidents began to get involved in the movement as it persisted. Eisenhower had the first real involvement in the movement when he sent federal troops for assistance in Little Rock, and the government enforced the Supreme Court ruling of the Brown case in the town. Kennedy had planned to enforce a Civil Rights Bill, although this was later enforced via Johnson along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which gave black Americans the right to vote, and again reduced discrimination; this was a step in the right direction of equality. Further to this Nixon aimed to enforce desegregation in schools as well as helping the like of voting rights, employment discrimination and aid to the poor. Although Nixon was not as significant as Carter who later made attempts to get black Americans involved politically, appointing them in the judiciary. This enabled more blacks to have a say as well as improving their status in society. Therefore presidents played a key role as if they were for civil rights, then this could mean attitudes could be changed on a broader scale. This was important to the movement, and was more useful in reducing discrimination overall due to legislation passed which was showing that action was being taken against racial discrimination, unlike the role of previous activists such as Du Bois, Garvey, X and Washington who failed to have much impact on legislation. The most influential president was Johnson; he was able to pass legislation which made blacks equality to whites greater, such as the Voting Rights Act. Although the likes of King didnt have the power to do this, civil rights activists made government aware of the racial situation in the USA. Therefore they were more significant than presidents. In the 1970s and 1980s further action brought forward the civil rights movement. The introduction of the Quota System meant that employers and universities had to take on a certain percentage of African Americans, and the situation for black Americans began to rapidly improve. Although this had much more significance than many activists in this later period, it was still influenced because of activists in the early stages of the civil rights movement, which make the likes of King more significant. In conclusion, in the period of 1877-1981 individuals were the most significant in reducing racial discrimination. Early activists such as Washington and Du Bois had little opportunity to reduce discrimination due to the widespread discrimination and the likes of the KKK, however, events such as WWII enabled activists to emerge, as attitudes towards African Americans had began to change. Using the ideologies of previous activists the most important individual King was able to use events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the likes of television to share his speeches and views, helping to pass legislation, change attitudes and give black Americans the confidence to further the civil rights movement. King helped to convey the on-going discrimination problem in the USA towards the government, which enabled presidents to take action with the likes of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which brought about further equality for blacks. Although towards the latter stages of the movement the government had more effect on reducing racial discrimination by passing legislation.